8. Democracia - Part 1
Democracy|Part
8. Demokratie - Teil 1
8. Democracia - Parte 1
8. Démocratie - Partie 1
8. Democracy - Part 1
Eu sou o Tiago Rogero, este é o podcast do Projeto Querino, produzido pela Rádio Novelo.
I|am|the|Tiago|Rogero|this|is|the|podcast|of the|Project|Querino|produced|by the|Radio|Novelo
I am Tiago Rogero, this is the podcast of the Querino Project, produced by Rádio Novelo.
E aqui já é a casa principal, né?
and|here|already|is|the|house|main|right
And this is already the main house, right?
Esse complo que você tá vendo aqui, ó, era o famoso quartinho escuro da casa.
this|setup|that|you|are|seeing|here|look|was|the|famous|little room|dark|of the|house
This setup that you see here, was the famous dark room of the house.
Aí é onde o pessoal tem a capela, os barões iam participar da missa e os escravos ficavam
there|is|where|the|people|has|the|chapel|the|barons|they were going|to participate|in the|mass|and|the|slaves|they stayed
That's where the people have the chapel, the barons would attend mass and the slaves stayed
aqui pra participar da missa.
here|to|to participate|in the|mass
here to participate in the mass.
Essa fazenda foi fundada em 1784.
this|farm|it was|founded|in
This farm was founded in 1784.
Fica perto de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais chamada Cruzília.
it is located|near|of|a|city|in the|countryside|of|||called|Cruzília
It is located near a town in the interior of Minas Gerais called Cruzília.
Esse que tava conversando comigo é o atual gerente da fazenda, o Aldivan da Silva.
this|that|was|talking|with me|is|the|current|manager|of the|farm|the|Aldivan|of the|Silva
The one who was talking to me is the current manager of the farm, Aldivan da Silva.
No passado, a fazenda pertencia aos Junqueira, uma família tradicional mineira.
in the|past|the|farm|belonged|to the|Junqueira|a|family|traditional|from Minas Gerais
In the past, the farm belonged to the Junqueira family, a traditional family from Minas Gerais.
Gente muito rica.
people|very|rich
Very wealthy people.
O nome da fazenda é Bela Cruz.
the|name|of the|farm|is|beautiful|cross
The name of the farm is Bela Cruz.
E da família antiga, o que era esse zambi?
and|of the|family|old|the|what|was|this|zambi
And from the old family, what was this zambi?
Por exemplo, o quarto principal ficava pra lá, pra cá?
for|example|the|room|main|was located|to|there|to|here
For example, was the main room over there, over here?
Conta a história, eu não sei te falar exato, mas conta a história que o homem foi assassinado
tell|the|story|I|not|know|to you|to say|exact|but|tell|the|story|that|the|man|was|murdered
The story goes, I can't tell you exactly, but the story says that the man was murdered
nesse quarto que tá aqui.
in this|room|that|is|here
in this room that is here.
Que tem, eu não sei se você já leu lá, que quando fizeram a revolta de Carrancas,
what|has|I|not|know|if|you|already|read|there|that|when|they did|the|revolt|of|Carrancas
What happened, I don't know if you've read there, that when they did the Carrancas revolt,
e aí vieram os escravos florescidos, matou todo mundo que tá aqui na casa e, inclusive,
and|then|they came|the|slaves|blossomed|killed|all|people|that|is|here|in the|house|and|including
and then the freed slaves came, they killed everyone who was here in the house and, including,
o filho, que é o, acho que chama o José Francisco Junqueira, que ele se trancou no
the|son|that|is|the|I think|that|he calls|the|José|Francisco|Junqueira|that|he|himself|locked|in the
the son, who I think is called José Francisco Junqueira, who locked himself in the
quarto e um dos escravos cortou a porta a golpe de machado e o cavaleiro catou a garrocha
room|and|one|of the|slaves|cut|the|door|with|blow|of|axe|and|the|horseman|grabbed|the|lance
room and one of the slaves chopped the door down with an axe and the horseman grabbed the spear.
e matou ele na garrocha, né?
and|killed|him|in the|garrocha|right
and killed him with a lance, right?
A tiro de garrocha.
at|shot|with|garrocha
With a lance shot.
Um dia, em 1833, na hora em que o senhor chegou à roça pra monitorar o trabalho, ele foi
one|day|in|at the|time|when|that|the|sir|arrived|at the|farm|to|monitor|the|work|he|was
One day, in 1833, at the time you arrived at the farm to monitor the work, he was
assassinado.
murdered
murdered.
Morto pelos escravizados dele.
dead|by the|enslaved|his
Killed by his enslaved people.
Esse homem era um juiz de paz e também era filho de um deputado federal.
this|man|was|a|judge|of|peace|and|also||son|of|a|deputy|federal
This man was a justice of the peace and was also the son of a federal deputy.
O deputado é que era o dono das fazendas.
the|deputy|is|who|was|the|owner|of the|farms
The deputy was the owner of the farms.
Ele só não tava lá na hora da revolta porque tava na corte no Rio de Janeiro.
he|only|not|was|there|at the|time|of the|revolt|because|was|at the|court|in the|Rio|of|Janeiro
He was just not there at the time of the revolt because he was at the court in Rio de Janeiro.
O nome do deputado era Gabriel Francisco Junqueira.
the|name|of the|deputy|was|Gabriel|Francisco|Junqueira
The name of the deputy was Gabriel Francisco Junqueira.
Ao todo, os escravizados mataram nove pessoas da família dele, entre elas três crianças.
in|total|the|enslaved people|killed|nine|people|of the|family|his|among|them|three|children
In total, the enslaved people killed nine members of his family, including three children.
O caso ficou conhecido como a Revolta de Carrancas, que era o nome dessa região de Minas Gerais
the|case|became|known|as|the|Revolt|of|Carrancas|which|was|the|name|of that|region|of|Minas|Gerais
The case became known as the Carrancas Revolt, which was the name of that region in Minas Gerais
na época.
at the|time
at the time.
Bom, eu sou Rogério Padana Cano, hoje eu sou o proprietário aqui da Fazenda Bela Cruz.
well|I|am|Rogério|Padana|Cano|today|I|am|the|owner|here|of the|Farm|Beautiful|Cross
Well, I am Rogério Padana Cano, today I am the owner here of Fazenda Bela Cruz.
A família do Rogério não tem nada a ver com a revolta.
the|family|of the|Rogério|not|has|nothing|to|do|with|the|revolt
Rogério's family has nothing to do with the revolt.
Eles compraram a fazenda em meados dos anos 2000 de um descendente dos Junqueira.
they|bought|the|farm|in|mid|of the|years|from|a|descendant|of the|Junqueira
They bought the farm in the mid-2000s from a descendant of the Junqueira family.
E foi muito interessante porque meu pai gosta de fuçar essa parte histórica, daí ele
and|it was|very|interesting|because|my|father|likes|to|dig|this|part|historical|so|he
And it was very interesting because my father likes to dig into this historical part, so he
achou um inquérito policial da época da Revolta de Carrancas.
he found|a|inquiry|police|from the|time|of the|Revolt|of|Carrancas
found a police inquiry from the time of the Carrancas Revolt.
É um inquérito policial bem grande e bem detalhista de como eles encontraram a região.
it is|a|inquiry|police|very|large|and|very|detailed|of|how|they|found|the|region
It is a quite large and detailed police inquiry about how they found the region.
E daí a gente começou a ficar muito curioso pela história da fazenda por conta disso,
and|then|the|we|started|to|to become|very|curious|about the|history|of the|farm|because of|account|of this
And then we started to become very curious about the history of the farm because of this,
porque foi uma revolta bem marcante e violenta.
because|it was|a|revolt|very|significant|and|violent
because it was a very significant and violent revolt.
E ela foi violenta porque tinha uma razão aqui, e daí isso acaba explicando muito como
and|she|was|violent|because|she had|a|reason|here|and|so|this|ends up|explaining|a lot|how
And she was violent because there was a reason here, and that ends up explaining a lot about how
as coisas eram aqui.
the|things|they were|here
things were here.
Os relatos históricos demonstram que era uma situação muito difícil pros escravos e
the|accounts|historical|they demonstrate|that|it was|a|situation|very|difficult|for the|slaves|and
Historical accounts show that it was a very difficult situation for the slaves and
tudo mais.
everything|else
everything else.
A revolta só foi abafada quando os escravizados seguiram pra uma terceira fazenda.
the|revolt|only|was|suppressed|when|the|enslaved people|they followed|to a|a|third|plantation
The revolt was only suppressed when the enslaved people went to a third plantation.
Foram mortos o líder do movimento, o nome dele era Ventura Mina, e outros quatro escravizados.
they were|killed|the|leader|of the|movement|the|name|his|was|Ventura|Mina|and|other|four|enslaved people
The leader of the movement was killed, his name was Ventura Mina, along with four other enslaved people.
Isso tudo foi num 13 de maio.
this|all|was|on a|of|May
All of this happened on May 13.
13 de maio.
of|May
May 13.
Outros 31 escravizados que sobreviveram foram acusados de participar do levante.
other|enslaved|who|survived|were|accused|of|participating|in the|uprising
Another 31 enslaved individuals who survived were accused of participating in the uprising.
16 deles foram executados depois de terem sido condenados à pena de morte.
of them|were|executed|after|of|having|been|sentenced|to the|penalty|of|death
16 of them were executed after being sentenced to death.
E isso era algo muito fora da curva pra casos assim.
and|that|was|something|very|out|of the|curve|for|cases|like this
And this was something very unusual for cases like this.
Essa quantidade de gente condenada à pena capital.
this|quantity|of|people|sentenced|to the|penalty|capital
This amount of people sentenced to capital punishment.
É que o período da escravidão tinha essa dicotomia muito louca.
it is|that|the|period|of the|slavery|had|this|dichotomy|very|crazy
The period of slavery had this crazy dichotomy.
Por mais que pessoas escravizadas não fossem tratadas nem como seres humanos, elas eram
for|more|that|people|enslaved|not|were|treated|not even|as|beings|human|they|were
As much as enslaved people were not treated as human beings, they were
um bem valioso demais pro senhor.
a|asset|valuable|too|for the|master
too valuable of an asset for the master.
A ideia que eles tinham do escravo rebelde era que o rebelde de um dia é preso, punido,
the|idea|that|they|had|of the|slave|rebellious|was|that|the|rebel|of|a|day|is|captured|punished
The idea they had of the rebellious slave was that the rebel of one day is captured, punished,
e no outro dia ele é colocado pra cortar cana.
and|the|other|day|he|is|placed|to|cut|sugarcane
and the next day he is put to cut sugarcane.
E este é o João José Reis.
and|this|is|the|João|José|Reis
And this is João José Reis.
Eu sou professor da Universidade Federal da Bahia e sou historiador, escritor.
I|am|professor|of the|University|Federal|of the|Bahia|and|am|historian|writer
I am a professor at the Federal University of Bahia and I am a historian, writer.
E ele tá lembrando que o senhor de escravos preferia mil vezes castigar o escravizado
and|he|is|remembering|that|the|master|of|slaves|preferred|thousand|times|to punish|the|enslaved
And he remembers that the slave owner preferred a thousand times to punish the enslaved.
do que simplesmente matar.
of|that|simply|to kill
than simply killing.
Embora às vezes o castigo era tanto que acabava levando à morte também.
although|to the|times|the|punishment|was|so much|that|ended up|leading|to the|death|also
Although sometimes the punishment was so severe that it ended up leading to death as well.
Era uma propriedade muito preciosa pra estar sendo presa, cumprir pena, ser castigada e
was|a|property|very|precious|to|to be|being|imprisoned|to serve|sentence|to be|punished|and
It was a very precious property to be imprisoned, serving a sentence, being punished and
muito menos executada.
very|less|executed
even less executed.
E no caso da Revolta de Carrancas, como você ouviu, não foi um escravizado que foi executado.
and|in the|case|of the|Revolt|of|Carrancas|as|you|heard|not|was|a|enslaved person|that|was|executed
And in the case of the Carrancas Revolt, as you heard, it was not a enslaved person who was executed.
Foram 16.
they were
There were 16.
Fora os cinco que já tinham morrido no dia do confronto.
besides|the|five|that|already|had|died|on the|day|of the|confrontation
Besides the five who had already died on the day of the confrontation.
O historiador Marcos Ferreira de Andrade, estudioso da Revolta de Carrancas, já escreveu
the|historian|Marcos|Ferreira|of|Andrade|scholar|of the|Revolt|of|Carrancas|already|wrote
The historian Marcos Ferreira de Andrade, a scholar of the Carrancas Revolt, has already written
que a explicação mais razoável pra essa quantidade de condenações à morte é o
that|the|explanation|most|reasonable|for|this|quantity|of|convictions|to the|death|is|the
that the most reasonable explanation for this number of death sentences is the
fato de terem assassinado vários membros de uma família senhorial ligada à elite política
fact|of|having|murdered|several|members|of|a|family|noble|connected|to the|elite|political
fact that they murdered several members of a noble family linked to the moderate liberal elite
liberal moderada do Império, que dava as cartas do jogo político naquele contexto.
liberal|moderate|of the|Empire|that|gave|the|cards|of the|game|political|in that|context
of the Empire, who were calling the shots in the political game at that time.
O massacre que se abateu sobre os Junqueiras trouxe pânico às elites regionais, ao parlamento
The|massacre|that|itself|fell|upon|the|Junqueiras|brought|panic|to the|elites|regional|to the|parliament
The massacre that befell the Junqueiras brought panic to the regional elites, to the parliament
e à regência.
and|to the|regency
and to the regency.
Aquele era o período das regências, né?
that|was|the|period|of the|regencies|right
That was the period of the regencies, right?
A década de 1830.
the|decade|of
The 1830s.
O Dom Pedro I tinha abdicado do trono em 31, o filho dele ainda era só uma criança e
the|Lord|Pedro|I|had|abdicated|of the|throne|in|the|son|his|still|was|only|a|child|and
Dom Pedro I had abdicated the throne in '31, his son was still just a child and
o governo estava sendo revezado nas mãos da classe política.
the|government|was|being|alternated|in the|hands|of the|class|political
the government was being alternated in the hands of the political class.
Era um momento de tensão em todo o país, né?
it was|a|moment|of|tension|in|all|the|country|right
It was a moment of tension throughout the country, right?
De novo aqui, o João José Reis.
again|new|here|the|João|José|Reis
Again here, João José Reis.
Um período em que pipocaram revoltas regionais em diversos pontos do país.
a|period|in|that|popped up|revolts|regional|in|various|points|of the|country
A period in which regional revolts erupted in various parts of the country.
Agora é muito importante que esse é um período que há um acúmulo, digamos assim, de uma
now|it is|very|important|that|this|it is|a|period|that|there is|a|accumulation|let's say|like this|of|a
Now it is very important to note that this is a period of accumulation, so to speak, of a
onda muito grande de importação de escravizados africanos.
wave|very|large|of|importation|of|enslaved|Africans
very large wave of importation of enslaved Africans.
E a gente falou sobre isso nos dois primeiros episódios.
and|the|we|talked|about|this|in the|two|first|episodes
And we talked about this in the first two episodes.
Na euforia da independência, na gana, na ambição desenfreada, os escravistas trouxeram
in the|euphoria|of the|independence|in the|zeal|in the|ambition|unbridled|the|slave owners|brought
In the euphoria of independence, in the zeal, in the unbridled ambition, the slave owners brought
muito mais gente escravizada para o Brasil.
much|more|people|enslaved|to|the|Brazil
many more people enslaved for Brazil.
Quando começaram os tratados com a Inglaterra para proibir o tráfico, os senhores compraram
when|they started|the|treaties|with|to|England|to|to prohibit|the|trafficking|the|masters|they bought
When the treaties with England began to prohibit the trafficking, the masters bought
ainda mais para poder fortalecer o estoque.
even|more|to|to be able to|to strengthen|the|stock
even more to strengthen the stock.
Foi um volume tão grande que pressiona as tensões entre os escravos, tanto que nesse
it was|a|volume|so|large|that|it pressures|the|tensions|among|the|slaves|so|that|in this
It was such a large volume that it increased tensions among the slaves, so much so that in this
período que vai entre 1826 e 1831, ocorrem 16 revoltas ou conspirações.
period|that|goes|between|and|occur|revolts|or|conspiracies
the period between 1826 and 1831 saw 16 revolts or conspiracies.
E isso só na Bahia.
and|that|only|in the|Bahia
And this is just in Bahia.
Teve muita insurreição na Bahia nesse período.
there was|a lot of|insurrection|in the|Bahia|in that|period
There were many insurrections in Bahia during this period.
A maior e mais famosa delas foi em 1835.
the|largest|and|most|famous|of them|it was|in
The largest and most famous of them was in 1835.
A Revolta dos Malês foi uma revolta de africanos, tanto africanos escravizados como africanos
the|revolt|of the|Malês|was|a|revolt|of|Africans|both|Africans|enslaved|as|Africans
The Malê Revolt was a revolt of Africans, both enslaved Africans and free Africans.
libertos.
freed
Liberated.
A Revolta de 1835 foi a 31ª, alguma coisa assim, das revoltas.
the|revolt|of|was|the|31st|some|thing|like that|of the|revolts
The revolt of 1835 was the 31st, something like that, of the revolts.
Então havia uma tradição rebelde importante.
so|there was|an|tradition|rebellious|important
So there was an important rebellious tradition.
O João José Reis escreveu um livro incrível sobre a revolta.
the|João|José|Reis|wrote|a|book|incredible|about|the|revolt
João José Reis wrote an incredible book about the revolt.
Rebelião Escrava no Brasil.
Rebellion|Slave|in|Brazil
Slave Rebellion in Brazil.
A história do levante dos malês em 1835.
the|history|of the|uprising|of the|malês|in
The story of the malê uprising in 1835.
Ela foi organizada por negros malês.
it|was|organized|by|black|malês
It was organized by malê blacks.
Malês eram os africanos de origem urubá, portanto nagois, e que vinham da região da
Malês|they were|the|Africans|of|origin|Urubá|therefore|Nagôs|and|who|they came|from the|region|of the
Malês were the Africans of Urubá origin, therefore Nagos, who came from the region of
Costa da Mina.
Coast|of the|Mina
the Gold Coast.
A Costa da Mina é um litoral que hoje em dia pertence ao Toho, República do Benin
The|Coast|of the|Mina|is|a|coastline|that|today|in|day|belongs|to the|Toho|Republic|of the|Benin
The Gold Coast is a coastline that nowadays belongs to Toho, Republic of Benin
e Nigéria.
and|Nigeria
and Nigeria.
Malê era a forma como eram chamados os africanos que eram muçulmanos.
Malê|it was|the|form|how|they were|called|the|Africans|who|they were|Muslims
Malê was the term used to refer to Africans who were Muslims.
E a Revolta dos Malês ganhou esse nome porque foi organizada por muçulmanos.
and|the|Revolt|of the|Malês|it gained|that|name|because|it was|organized|by|Muslims
And the Malê Revolt got its name because it was organized by Muslims.
Tudo começou na madrugada de um 25 de janeiro.
everything|it started|in the|early morning|of|a|of|January
It all started in the early hours of January 25.
Porque houve uma denúncia e a polícia saiu batendo na porta daqueles lugares apontados
because|there was|a|report|and|the|police|it left|hitting|on the|door|of those|places|pointed out
Because there was a report and the police went knocking on the doors of those pointed out places.
como sendo locais de reunião de africanos.
as|being|places|of|meeting|of|Africans
as meeting places for Africans.
E a polícia chega realmente num local onde havia um grande grupo reunido.
and|the|police|arrives|really|at a|place|where|there was|a|large|group|gathered
And the police actually arrive at a location where there was a large group gathered.
E quando a polícia entra nesse local, os africanos que lá estavam reunidos saem armados
and|when|the|police|enters|in that|place|the|Africans|that|there|were|gathered|they leave|armed
And when the police enter this location, the Africans who were gathered there come out armed
e tem uma primeira pequena batalha entre cerca de 60 rebeldes e a polícia.
and|there is|a|first|small|battle|between|about|of|rebels|and|the|police
and there is a first small battle between about 60 rebels and the police.
Então a partir daí, há uma dispersão desses rebeldes.
so|from|starting|there|there is|a|dispersion|of these|rebels
So from there, there is a dispersion of these rebels.
Eles se dispersaram pela cidade, por Salvador.
they|themselves|dispersed|through the|city|through|Salvador
They dispersed throughout the city, through Salvador.
Esses homens saem pela cidade gritando que estava na hora de se levantar e outros africanos
these|men|they go out|through the|city|shouting|that|it was|time|time|to|themselves|to rise|and|other|Africans
These men go out into the city shouting that it was time to rise up and other Africans
foram aderindo.
they went|joining
were joining in.
Eles percorrem uma área muito grande da cidade de Salvador e o que se ouviu ser gritado
they|traverse|a|area|very|large|of the|city|in|Salvador|and|what|that|reflexive pronoun|was heard|to be|shouted
They cover a very large area of the city of Salvador and what was heard being shouted
nas ruas da cidade foi morte aos brancos, viva Nagô.
in the|streets|of the|city|was|death|to the|whites|long live|Nagô
in the streets of the city was death to whites, long live Nagô.
Só que no meio do caminho ficava o quartel da cavalaria.
only|but|in the|middle|of the|way|was located|the|barracks|of the|cavalry
Only in the middle of the way was the cavalry barracks.
Os soldados montados atacaram esses rebeldes que estavam saindo da cidade.
the|soldiers|mounted|attacked|these|rebels|that|were|leaving|from the|city
The mounted soldiers attacked these rebels who were leaving the city.
Quando houve uma última batalha ali, que foi a mais sangrenta, morreram cerca de 70,
when|there was|a|last|battle|there|that|it was|the|most|bloody|they died|about|of
When the last battle took place there, which was the bloodiest, about 70,
talvez mais, africanos.
maybe|more|Africans
maybe more, Africans died.
E a revolta basicamente terminou aí.
and|the|revolt|basically|it ended|there
And the revolt basically ended there.
Centenas de pessoas foram presas e 15 foram condenadas à morte.
hundreds|of|people|they were|imprisoned|and|they were|sentenced|to the|death
Hundreds of people were arrested and 15 were sentenced to death.
Mas houve a comutação da maioria dessas penas.
but|there was|the|commutation|of the|majority|of these|sentences
But there was a commutation of most of these sentences.
Foi transformada em outras penas como chibatada ou até absorvição no segundo júri que
it was|transformed|into|other|sentences|like|whipping|or|even|acquittal|in the|second|trial|that
It was transformed into other sentences such as whipping or even acquittal in the second jury that
houve e quatro pessoas foram executadas, foram fuziladas.
there was|and|four|people|they were|executed|they were|shot
took place and four people were executed, they were shot.
Deveriam ter sido enforcadas, mas não se encontrou ninguém que pudesse servir, que
they should have|to have|been|hanged|but|not|reflexive pronoun|one found|no one|that|could|to serve|
They should have been hanged, but no one could be found to serve, who
aceitasse servir como carrasco.
he/she accepted|to serve|as|executioner
accepted to serve as an executioner.
Outras dezenas de pessoas foram expulsas do Brasil.
other|dozens|of|people|were|expelled|from|Brazil
Dozens of other people were expelled from Brazil.
Mas só pessoas que já eram livres, nenhum escravizado.
but|only|people|that|already|were|free|no|enslaved
But only people who were already free, no enslaved individuals.
Porque o escravo era uma mercadoria, então não ia simplesmente expulsar, porque ia prejudicar
because|the|slave|was|a|commodity|so|not|was going to|simply|to expel|because|was going to|to harm
Because the slave was a commodity, so they wouldn't simply expel them, as it would be detrimental.
os senhores, mas as pessoas que foram expulsas eram ex-escravos, libertos africanos e foram
the|gentlemen|but|the|people|that|were|expelled|were|||freed|Africans|and|were
the gentlemen, but the people who were expelled were ex-slaves, freed Africans and were
expulsas de volta para a África.
expelled|back|to|to|the|Africa
expelled back to Africa.
E essas duas revoltas, a de Carrancas e a dos Malês, acabaram tendo um impacto enorme
and|these|two|revolts|the|of|Carrancas|and|the|of the|Malês|ended|having|an|impact|huge
And these two revolts, the one in Carrancas and the one of the Malês, ended up having a huge impact
na legislação do período.
on the|legislation|of the|period
on the legislation of the period.
Houve uma consequência muito grande em leis locais, sobretudo na corte, mas também em
there was|a|consequence|very|large|in|laws|local|especially|in the|court|but|also|in
There was a very significant consequence in local laws, especially in the court, but also in
todas as províncias de modo geral, que enrijeceram o controle não apenas dos escravizados, mas
|||in|way|general|||||||||
all the provinces in general, which tightened control not only over the enslaved, but
também dos libertos africanos.
also over freed Africans.
Reforçaram o controle e a repressão à população negra de modo geral.
They reinforced control and repression of the black population in general.
E obviamente não eram as pessoas negras que faziam essas leis.
and|obviously|not|they were|the|people|black|that|they made|these|laws
And obviously it was not black people who made these laws.
Tinha um ou outro caso de algum político afrodescendente, que à época podia ser lido
there was|a|or|other|case|of|some|politician|Afro-descendant|that|at|time|he could|to be|read
There was one or another case of some Afro-descendant politician, who at the time could be read
como mulato, como pardo, mas a classe política era majoritariamente branca, rica e comprometida
as|mulatto||brown|but|the|class|political|it was|predominantly|white|rich|and|committed
as mulatto, as brown, but the political class was predominantly white, rich, and committed
com a escravidão.
to|the|slavery
to slavery.
Boa parte dos deputados e senadores eram senhores de escravos.
good|part|of the|deputies|and|senators|were|masters|of|slaves
A large part of the deputies and senators were slave owners.
Dom Pedro tinha caído, muita gente tentou radicalizar o momento, indo para o confronto
Lord|Pedro|had|fallen|many|people|tried|to radicalize|the|moment|going|to|the|confrontation
Dom Pedro had fallen, many people tried to radicalize the moment, going for confrontation.
agônico, inclusive os escravizados.
agonizing|including|the|enslaved people
Agonizing, including the enslaved.
Este é o Tâmis Pahom, historiador e professor, que a gente ouviu no segundo episódio.
this|is|the|Tâmis|Pahom|historian|and|professor|that|we|people|heard|in the|second|episode
This is Tâmis Pahom, historian and professor, whom we heard in the second episode.
Essa polarização popular empurra os conservadores para um eixo comum.
this|polarization|popular|pushes|the|conservatives|to|a|axis|common
This popular polarization pushes conservatives towards a common axis.
Ela apura o senso de coesão, solidariedade e autopreservação entre os donos do dinheiro
it|sharpens|the|sense|of|cohesion|solidarity|and|self-preservation|among|the|owners|of|money
It sharpens the sense of cohesion, solidarity, and self-preservation among the owners of money
e do patrimônio das riquezas privadas.
and|of|wealth|of the|riches|private
and private wealth.
Você tem aquele momento de mobilização no Brasil, mas a coligação das forças joga
you|have|that|moment|of|mobilization|in the|Brazil|but|the|coalition|of the|forces|plays
You have that moment of mobilization in Brazil, but the coalition of forces plays
a favor da reação e não da realização dos anseios das classes subalternas e populares.
in|favor|of the|reaction|and|not|of the|fulfillment|of the|desires|of the|classes|subaltern|and|popular
in favor of reaction and not the fulfillment of the desires of subaltern and popular classes.
Esse pessoal apostou no aumento da escravidão e reabriu o tráfico negreiro em larga escala,
this|group|bet|on|increase|of the|slavery|and|reopened|the|trafficking|slave|on|large|scale
These people bet on the increase of slavery and reopened the slave trade on a large scale,
fez tudo isso ao mesmo tempo.
did|everything|that|at the|same|time
did all of this at the same time.
E aí a gente chega naquele momento do total desrespeito à lei de 1831, quando o tráfico
and|then|the|we|arrive|at that|moment|of the|total|disrespect|to the|law|of the|when|the|trafficking
And then we reach that moment of total disrespect for the law of 1831, when the trafficking
de escravizados estava proibido, mas continuou com força total num grande acordo nacional.
of|enslaved|was|prohibited|but|continued|with|strength|total|in a|large|agreement|national
the enslavement was prohibited, but continued with full force in a large national agreement.
São mais 19 anos de tráfico ilegal, de um dos maiores casos, se não o maior caso,
are|more|years|of|trafficking|illegal|of|one|of the|largest|cases|if|not|the|biggest|case
That's another 19 years of illegal trafficking, one of the largest cases, if not the largest case,
de corrupção sistêmica da história do Brasil.
of|corruption|systemic|in the|history|of the|Brazil
of systemic corruption in the history of Brazil.
Até que uma nova lei, em 1850, a Lei Eusébio de Queiroz, finalmente pôs fim ao tráfico,
until|that|a|new|law|in|the|Law|Eusébio|of|Queiroz|finally|put|end|to the|trafficking
Until a new law, in 1850, the Eusébio de Queiroz Law, finally put an end to the trafficking,
quase 20 anos depois da Lei de 1831.
almost|years|after|of the|Law|of
almost 20 years after the Law of 1831.
E um alinhamento muito especial de forças para que essa lei passasse.
And|a|alignment|very|special|of|forces|for|that|this|law|would pass
And a very special alignment of forces for this law to pass.
E por trás disso estava de novo a Inglaterra, o principal império do mundo naquele momento,
And|behind|back|that|was|of|again|the|England|the|main|empire|of the|world|at that|time
And behind this was again England, the main empire in the world at that moment,
que nas décadas anteriores já tinha lucrado muito com a escravidão e com o tráfico,
that|in the|decades|previous|already|had|profited|much|with|the|slavery|and|with|the|trafficking
which in the previous decades had already profited greatly from slavery and the trafficking,
mas que continuava com objetivos econômicos, atuando pelo fim do comércio negreiro.
but|that|continued|with|objectives|economic|acting|for the|end|of the|trade|slave
but continued with economic objectives, working towards the end of the slave trade.
A Inglaterra já estava participando da negociação de uma série de tratados que acabaram com
The|England|already|was|participating|in the|negotiation|of|a|series|of|treaties|that|ended|with
England was already participating in the negotiation of a series of treaties that ended
o tráfico em vários dos nossos países vizinhos, Chile, Venezuela, Uruguai, México.
the|trafficking|in|several|of the|our|countries|neighboring|Chile|Venezuela|Uruguay|Mexico
the trafficking in several of our neighboring countries, Chile, Venezuela, Uruguay, Mexico.
Isso foi deixando o Brasil cada vez mais isolado no cenário internacional.
This|was|leaving|the|Brazil|each|time|more|isolated|in the|scenario|international
This was leaving Brazil increasingly isolated on the international stage.
Daí em 1945, o parlamento britânico subiu o tom e aprovou uma lei, e a gente aprendeu
then|in|the|parliament|British|raised|the|tone|and|approved|a|law|and|we|people|learned
Then in 1945, the British parliament raised the tone and passed a law, and we learned
que a maior escravidão que tinha lá na escola é a Bill Aberdeen, que considerou
that|the|greatest|slavery|that|had|there|in the|school|is|the|Bill|Aberdeen|that|considered
that the greatest slavery that existed there in school is the Bill Aberdeen, which considered
o tráfico marítimo de escravizados pirataria, e deu autorização para a Marinha Britânica
the|trafficking|maritime|of|enslaved people|piracy|and|gave|authorization|for|the|Navy|British
the maritime trafficking of enslaved people as piracy, and authorized the British Navy
apreender esses navios.
to seize|these|ships
to seize those ships.
Ela patrulhou as águas territoriais brasileiras, ela desembarcou, Thiago, marinheiro em terra
she|patrolled|the|waters|territorial|Brazilian|she|disembarked|Thiago|sailor|on|land
She patrolled the Brazilian territorial waters, she disembarked, Thiago, sailor on Brazilian soil.
brasileira, sem permissão do governo brasileiro.
Brazilian|without|permission|from the|government|Brazilian
without permission from the Brazilian government.
Ela abriu o porto do Rio de Janeiro, deixou os navios de guerra alinhados, deixando passar
she|opened|the|port|of the|Rio|of|Janeiro|left|the|ships|of|war|lined up|letting|pass
She opened the port of Rio de Janeiro, left the warships lined up, allowing only the ship that was obviously destined for Europe to pass and stopping all the others.
só o navio que era obviamente destinado à Europa e parando todos os outros.
only|the|ship|that|was|obviously|destined|to|Europe|and|stopping|all|the|others
Em 1849 e 1850, a Grã-Bretanha já tinha tomado ou destruído pelo menos dez navios
in|and|the|||already|had|taken|or|destroyed|at least|least|ten|ships
In 1849 and 1850, Great Britain had already taken or destroyed at least ten Brazilian ships.
brasileiros, todos em águas territoriais brasileiras e alguns até ancorados nos portos.
All in Brazilian territorial waters and some even anchored in the ports.
Aí o Brasil declarou guerra.
Then Brazil declared war.
Não a Grã-Bretanha, porque não é bobo ao tráfico.
Not on Great Britain, because it is not foolish about trafficking.
Em fevereiro de 1850, os políticos brasileiros concluíram que a única maneira de contornar
in|February|of|the|politicians|Brazilian|they concluded|that|the|only|way|to|circumvent
In February 1850, Brazilian politicians concluded that the only way to circumvent
a situação e de evitar uma guerra era acabando de vez com o tráfico, cortando na própria
the|situation|and|to|avoid|a|war|it was|ending|of|once|with|the|trafficking|cutting|in the|own
the situation and avoid a war was to put an end to the trafficking once and for all, cutting to the bone.
carne.
flesh
.
Quem assinou o parecer foi o ministro da Justiça, o Eusebio de Queiroz.
who|signed|the|opinion|it was|the|minister|of the|Justice|the|Eusebio|of|Queiroz
The opinion was signed by the Minister of Justice, Eusebio de Queiroz.
Por isso que a lei tem o nome dele.
for|that|that|the|law|has|the|name|his
That's why the law bears his name.
Sem o perigo permanente de uma guerra contra a Grã-Bretanha, o maior poder marítimo e
without|the|danger|permanent|of|a|war|against|the|||the|greatest|power|maritime|and
Without the constant threat of a war against Great Britain, the greatest maritime and
militar da época, as elites do Brasil não teriam largado o osso, literalmente os ossos,
||||||||||the|||the|
military power of the time, the elites of Brazil would not have let go of the bone, literally the bones,
o sangue, os músculos daquelas pessoas livres trazidas como escravizadas ilegalmente para
the|||||||||||
the blood, the muscles of those free people brought in as illegally enslaved.
o país.
the|country
the country.
Não teria largado.
not|would have|left
I wouldn't have given up.
Então se você tirar a Grã-Bretanha dessa equação, esquece.
so|if|you|take|the|||from this|equation|forget
So if you take Great Britain out of this equation, forget it.
Não tem fim do tráfico no grego.
not|has|end|of the|trafficking|in the|Greek
There is no end to the trafficking in Greek.
Mas uma coisa que a gente não pode esquecer é o impacto que todas aquelas revoltas de
but|one|thing|that|the|we|not|can|forget|is|the|impact|that|all|those|revolts|of
But one thing we cannot forget is the impact that all those revolts of
escravizados já estavam tendo sobre a classe política, sobre a população.
|already|||||||||
enslaved people were already having on the political class, on the population.
Porque os africanos, depois da Revolta de 35, como se não já bastassem as outras revoltas,
|||||||as|to||||||
Because the Africans, after the Revolt of '35, as if the other revolts were not enough,
começaram a ser vistos e definidos como bárbaros, que em qualquer momento podia se levantar,
began to be seen and defined as barbarians, who could rise up at any moment,
matar suas miras e assim por diante.
to kill|your|targets|and|so|for|forward
kill your targets and so on.
E quando o João José Reis fala nessas outras revoltas, a gente pode pensar não só nas
and|when|the|João|José|Reis|speaks|in these|other|revolts|the|we|can|to think|not|only|in the
And when João José Reis talks about these other revolts, we can think not only of the
da Bahia ou na de Carrancas, em Minas, mas também nas outras tantas que estavam acontecendo
||||||in|||||other||||
one in Bahia or the one in Carrancas, in Minas, but also of the many others that were happening
em outras partes do Brasil.
in|other|parts|of the|Brazil
in other parts of Brazil.
Em 38, por exemplo, na região de Vassouras, no Rio, estourou a revolta liderada pelo Manuel
in|for|example|in the|region|of|Vassouras|in|Rio|broke out|the|revolt|led|by the|Manuel
In 1838, for example, in the region of Vassouras, in Rio, the revolt led by Manuel
Congo.
Congo
Congo erupted.
Centenas de escravizados fugiram de duas fazendas e se separaram em uma pequena região, que
hundreds|of|enslaved people|fled|from|two|plantations|and|themselves|separated|in|a|small|region|that
Hundreds of enslaved people escaped from two farms and separated in a small region that
se chamava de Mato Grosso.
itself|was called|of|Mato|Grosso
was called Mato Grosso.
O governo de João José Reis, que era o primeiro presidente da República,
the|government|of|João|José|Reis|that|was|the|first|president|of the|Republic
The government of João José Reis, who was the first president of the Republic,
foi exilado em 1932.
was|exiled|in
was exiled in 1932.
O governo de João José Reis, que era o primeiro presidente da República,
the|government|of|João|José|Reis|that|was|the|first|president|of the|Republic
The government of João José Reis, who was the first president of the Republic,
foi exilado em 1932.
was|exiled|in
was exiled in 1932.
A polícia descobriu um plano gigantesco de insurreição que ficou conhecido como
the|police|discovered|a|plan|gigantic|of|insurrection|that|became|known|as
The police discovered a gigantic insurrection plan that became known as
a Conspiração de 48.
the|Conspiracy|of
the Conspiracy of 48.
A ideia era matar todos os senhores e tomar o poder.
the|idea|was|to kill|all|the|lords|and|to take|the|power
The idea was to kill all the lords and take power.
E isso tudo a menos de 150 quilômetros da corte.
and|this|all|at|less|than|kilometers|from the|court
And all of this less than 150 kilometers from the court.
Por isso que, pouco depois de assinar a Lei de 50, o Eusébio de Queiroz disse que alguns
for|that|that|shortly|after|of|signing|the|Law|of|the|Eusébio|of|Queiroz|said|that|some
That's why, shortly after signing Law 50, Eusébio de Queiroz said that some
acontecimentos de natureza gravíssima
events|of|nature|very serious
events of a very serious nature
"...produziram um terror que chamarei salutar porque deu lugar a que se desenvolvesse e
produced|a|terror|that|I will call|healthy|because|it gave|place|to|that|reflexive pronoun|developed|and
"...produced a terror that I will call healthy because it allowed for the development and
se fizesse sentir a opinião contrária ao tráfico.
the expression of the opposing opinion to trafficking.
Os mesmos fazendeiros que até ali apregoavam a necessidade do tráfico eram os primeiros
the|same|farmers|who|until|there|proclaimed|the|necessity|of the|trafficking|were|the|first
The same farmers who until then proclaimed the need for the trade were the first
a contestar que era chegado o momento de dever ser reprimido."
to|contest|that|was|arrived|the|moment|to|must|be|repressed
to contest that the moment had come to be repressed."
Ou seja, mesmo impedidas de participar das tomadas de decisão, muito longe do controle
or|rather|even|prevented|from|participating|in the|decisions|of|decision|very|far|from the|control
In other words, even prevented from participating in decision-making, far from controlling
do processo político, alijadas de participar formalmente desse processo, as pessoas negras
|||||||||the|people|black
the political process, excluded from formally participating in this process, black people
influenciaram essas decisões.
they influenced|these|decisions
influenced these decisions.
E nas décadas seguintes, tudo isso seria determinante para a conquista da liberdade.
and|in the|decades|following|all|this|would be|decisive|for|the|conquest|of the|freedom
And in the following decades, all of this would be decisive for the conquest of freedom.
A Constituição do Império do Brasil de 1824, por essa Constituição aí, se você
the|Constitution|of the|Empire|of the|Brazil|of|by|this|Constitution|there|if|you
The Constitution of the Empire of Brazil of 1824, by this Constitution there, if you
nascesse no Brasil livre, ou se você tendo nascido no Brasil conquistasse a liberdade,
were born|in the|Brazil|free|or|if|you|having|been born|in the|Brazil|conquered|the|freedom
were born free in Brazil, or if you, having been born in Brazil, gained your freedom,
você podia ser considerado cidadão.
you|could|be|considered|citizen
you could be considered a citizen.
Isso significa que você tinha direitos civis garantidos.
that|means|that|you|had|rights|civil|guaranteed
This means that you had guaranteed civil rights.
Direitos civis são aqueles de proteção da propriedade, ter a sua casa como um espaço
rights|civil|are|those|of|protection|of|property|having|your|your|house|as|a|space
Civil rights are those that protect property, having your home as an inviolable space,
inviolável, poder ir e vir.
inviolable|to be able|to go|and|to come
being able to go and come.
Mas olha só, você só era investido dos direitos políticos se você tivesse dinheiro.
but|look|only|you||was|invested|of the|rights|political|if|you|had|money
But look, you were only invested with political rights if you had money.
Para você votar, para você ser eleito, você precisava ter dinheiro.
to|you|vote|to|you|be|elected|you|needed|to have|money
To vote, to be elected, you needed to have money.
Precisava comprovar renda.
needed|to prove|income
You needed to prove income.
E como eu falei mais cedo, não é que não tinha parlamentar negro nessa época.
and|as|I|said|earlier|early|not|is|that|not|there was|parliamentarian|black|in that|time
And as I mentioned earlier, it's not that there were no black parliamentarians at that time.
Até tinha uns poucos.
even|I had|a few|few
There were even a few.
Você tem uma presença de pardos, vou usar a terminologia da época, pardos e mulatos
you|have|a|presence|of|browns|I will go|to use|the|terminology|of the|time|browns|and|mulattos
You have a presence of mixed-race individuals, I will use the terminology of the time, mixed-race and mulattos
no parlamento.
in the|parliament
in parliament.
Um de renome era o Antônio Pereira Rebouças.
one|of|renown|was|the|Antônio|Pereira|Rebouças
One of renown was Antônio Pereira Rebouças.
Era o que se chamava de um homem mestiço, filho de uma ex-escravizada e de um português.
it was|the|what|oneself|he called|of|a|man|mixed-race|son|of|a|||and|of|a|Portuguese man
He was what was called a mixed-race man, the son of a former enslaved woman and a Portuguese man.
Hoje ele é mais conhecido pelos filhos dele, por ser o pai dos irmãos Rebouças.
today|he|is|more|known|by the|children|his|for|being|the|father|of the|brothers|Rebouças
Today he is better known for his children, for being the father of the Rebouças brothers.
Mas ele era uma figura política influente do Império, e como ele tinha outros.
but|he|he was|a|figure|political|influential|of the|Empire|and|as|he|he had|others
But he was an influential political figure of the Empire, and like him, there were others.
Você tem esses indivíduos inseridos no parlamento, mas eles são foses individuais, eles não
you|have|these|individuals|inserted|in the|parliament|but|they|are|individual||they|not
You have these individuals inserted in parliament, but they are individual foci, they do not
representam movimentos civis, coletivos, baseados na cor da pele.
they represent|movements|civil|collective|based|on the|color|of the|skin
they represent civil movements, collectives, based on skin color.
Será necessário o surgimento de um movimento abolicionista reunindo pessoas de diversas
it will be|necessary|the|emergence|of|a|movement|abolitionist|bringing together|people|of|various
Will it be necessary for the emergence of an abolitionist movement bringing together people of different
cores de pele?
colors|of|skin
skin colors?
Será necessário lutar dentro da escravidão, contra a escravidão, para que essas vozes
it will be|necessary|to fight|within|of the|slavery|against|the|slavery|in order to|that|these|voices
Will it be necessary to fight within slavery, against slavery, so that these voices
que você identifica, isoladas, importantes, muito importantes, mas isoladas no parlamento
that|you|identify|isolated|important|very|important|but|isolated|in the|parliament
that you identify, isolated, important, very important, but isolated in parliament
da década de 1930, 40, 50, 60, se tornem vozes com impacto político mais profundo
of the|decade|of|they|become|voices|with|impact|political|more|deep
of the 1930s, 40s, 50s, 60s, become voices with deeper political impact
no fim do Império?
in the|end|of the|Empire
at the end of the Empire?
Antes de começar a falar do movimento abolicionista, é importante entender o que estava acontecendo
before|to|to start|to|to speak|of the|movement|abolitionist|it is|important|to understand|what|that|was|happening
Before starting to talk about the abolitionist movement, it is important to understand what was happening
no mundo naquele momento, depois que o Brasil finalmente acabou com o tráfico de escravizados.
in the|world|that|moment|after|that|the|Brazil|finally|ended|with|the|trafficking|of|enslaved people
in the world at that moment, after Brazil finally ended the slave trade.
Só quatro lugares nas Américas ainda não tinham abolido a escravidão.
only|four|places|in the|Americas|still|not|had|abolished|the|slavery
Only four places in the Americas had not yet abolished slavery.
Os Estados Unidos e o Brasil, que eram independentes, e duas colônias da Espanha, Cuba e Porto Rico.
the|States|United|and|the|Brazil|which|were|independent|and|two|colonies|of the|Spain|Cuba|and||
The United States and Brazil, which were independent, and two Spanish colonies, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Em 1861, começou a Guerra Civil nos Estados Unidos.
in|began|the|War|Civil|in the|States|United
In 1861, the Civil War began in the United States.
E um dos principais motivos foi que, um ano antes, tinha sido eleito presidente um candidato
and|one|of the|main|reasons|was|that|a|year|before|had|been|elected|president|a|candidate
And one of the main reasons was that, a year earlier, a candidate had been elected president.
do norte do país, e que já tinha se mostrado favorável à abolição.
from the|north|of the|country|and|that|already|had|himself|shown|favorable|to the|abolition
from the north of the country, who had already shown support for abolition.
Era o Abraham Lincoln.
was|the|Abraham|Lincoln
It was Abraham Lincoln.
Daí os Estados do Sul, que eram escravocratas, começaram a declarar sua secessão, a sua
hence|the|states|of the|South|that|were|slaveholding|began|to|declare|their|secession|to the|
Thus, the Southern states, which were slaveholding, began to declare their secession, their
separação da União.
separation|of the|Union
separation of the Union.
Eram os Estados confederados.
they were|the|States|confederated
They were the confederated States.
E a guerra começou porque eles queriam, de qualquer jeito, manter a escravidão.
and|the|war|started|because|they|wanted|of|any|way|to maintain|the|slavery
And the war started because they wanted, by any means, to maintain slavery.
Daí aqui no Brasil, em 63, o presidente do Instituto dos Advogados Brasileiros apresentou
then|here|in the|Brazil|in|the|president|of the|Institute|of the|Lawyers|Brazilian|presented
Then here in Brazil, in '63, the president of the Brazilian Lawyers Institute presented
para o Congresso uma proposta de Lei do Ventre Livre, que os filhos das mulheres escravizadas
to|the|Congress|a|proposal|of|Law|of|Womb|Free|that|the|children|of the|women|enslaved
to Congress a proposal for the Free Womb Law, that the children of enslaved women
nascessem livres a partir daquele momento.
they would be born|free|from|starting|that|moment
would be born free from that moment on.
Isso foi em 63.
that|was|in
That was in '63.
Os parlamentares não deram a menor pelota para ele.
the|parliamentarians|not|they gave|to|least|attention|to|him
The parliamentarians paid no attention to him.
Lá nos Estados Unidos, o norte venceu a guerra e a escravidão acabou por lá, em 65.
there|in the|States|United|the|north|won|the|war|and|the|slavery|ended|there|there|in
There in the United States, the North won the war and slavery ended there in '65.
Aí ficaram só Brasil, Cuba e Porto Rico ainda com escravidão.
then|remained|only|Brazil|Cuba|and|Rico||still|with|slavery
Then only Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico remained with slavery.
E o Brasil como a única nação independente, né?
and|the|Brazil|as|the|only|nation|independent|right
And Brazil as the only independent nation, right?
Vergonha mundial.
shame|global
A global shame.
Nessa época, o imperador Dom Pedro II, que assumiu depois do golpe da maioridade, já
at that|time|the|emperor|Dom|Pedro|II|who|assumed|after|of the|coup|of the|majority|already
At that time, Emperor Dom Pedro II, who took over after the majority coup, was already
estava há mais de 20 anos no poder.
was|for|more|than|years|in the|power
in power for more than 20 years.
Daí, em 65, ele encomendou um estudo sobre medidas legislativas para a emancipação.
then|in|he|commissioned|a|study|on|measures|legislative|for|the|emancipation
Then, in 1865, he commissioned a study on legislative measures for emancipation.
Dois anos depois, o imperador levou esse estudo para os ministros dele.
two|years|later|the|emperor|took|this|study|to|the|ministers|his
Two years later, the emperor presented this study to his ministers.
Um monte de deputados, senadores e tudo mais.
a|lot|of|deputies|senators|and|everything|else
A bunch of deputies, senators, and everything else.
Era a proposta de uma Lei do Ventre Livre, mas com tempo de serviços prestados para
it was|the|proposal|of|a|Law|of the|Belly|Free|but|with|time|of|services|rendered|to
It was the proposal for a Free Womb Law, but with time of services rendered to
servir como indenização.
serve|as|compensation
serve as compensation.
As meninas que nascessem ficariam livres quando completassem 16 anos e os meninos aos 21.
the|girls|that|were born|would remain|free|when|they turned|years|and|the|boys|at
The girls who were born would be free when they turned 16 and the boys at 21.
Os ministros disseram que não achavam conveniente a ideia e o projeto foi engavetado.
the|ministers|they said|that|not|they found|convenient|the|idea|and|the|project|it was|shelved
The ministers said they did not find the idea convenient and the project was shelved.
Daí estourou uma revolução em Cuba, em 68, contra o domínio espanhol.
then|it broke out|a|revolution|in|Cuba|in|against|the|rule|Spanish
Then a revolution broke out in Cuba, in 68, against Spanish rule.
Alguns senhores chegaram a libertar seus escravizados para lutar pela independência da ilha.
some|gentlemen|they arrived|to|free|their|enslaved people|to|fight|for the|independence|of the|island
Some gentlemen even freed their enslaved people to fight for the island's independence.
A Espanha ficou com medo de que o resto dos escravizados fosse recrutado pelos rebeldes.
the|Spain|it became|with|fear|that|that|the|rest|of the|enslaved people|it was|recruited|by the|rebels
Spain was afraid that the rest of the enslaved people would be recruited by the rebels.
E para acalmar os ânimos, aprovou uma lei de abolição gradual da escravidão.
and|to|calm|the|spirits|he approved|a|law|of|abolition|gradual|of the|slavery
And to calm the spirits, he approved a law for the gradual abolition of slavery.
Uma mistura de ventre livre com lei dos sexagenários.
a|mixture|of|womb|free|with|law|of the|sexagenarians
A mix of free womb and the law of the sexagenarians.
Estavam livres os bebês e também os escravizados com mais de 60 anos, com pagamento de indenização
they were|free|the|babies|and|also|the|enslaved|with|more|than|years|with|payment|of|compensation
Babies were free, as well as those enslaved over 60 years old, with compensation paid
para os senhores.
to|the|masters
to the masters.
E isso deixou o Brasil com as calças na mão.
and|that|left|the|Brazil|with|the|pants|in|hand
And that left Brazil caught with its pants down.
O único país das Américas que não estava nem se preparando para a abolição.
the|only|country|of the|Americas|that|not|was|even|itself|preparing|for|the|abolition
The only country in the Americas that was not even preparing for abolition.
E é nesse contexto que toma força o movimento abolicionista por aqui.
and|is|in this|context|that|takes|strength|the|movement|abolitionist|through|here
And it is in this context that the abolitionist movement gains strength here.
Nos anos 50, tem já três associações abolicionistas que aparecem, mas é só isso.
in the|years|there are|already|three|associations|abolitionist|that|appear|but|is|only|that
In the 1850s, there are already three abolitionist associations that appear, but that's all.
São membros da elite política, da elite social, que estão preocupados em abolir a
they are|members|of the|elite|political|of the|elite|social|that|they are|worried|in|abolishing|the
They are members of the political elite, the social elite, who are concerned with gradually abolishing the
escravidão paulatinamente.
slavery|gradually
slavery.
Esta é a Ângela Alonso, historiadora e professora.
this|is|the|Angela|Alonso|historian|and|professor
This is Ângela Alonso, a historian and professor.
Mas isso também não vai adiante porque não tem apoio popular.
but|this|also|not|it goes|forward|because|not|it has|support|popular
But this also does not move forward because there is no popular support.
Então eu começo a contar essa história em 1868 porque eu acho que é aí que realmente
so|I|I start|to|to tell|this|story|in|because|I|I think|that|it is|there|that|really
So I start telling this story in 1868 because I think that's where it really
começa uma articulação que dá origem ao que se torna o movimento abolicionista, ao
starts|a|articulation|that|gives|origin|to the|that|becomes|becomes|the|movement|abolitionist|to the
starts an articulation that gives rise to what becomes the abolitionist movement, at the
mesmo tempo em que há um empenho de uma ala da elite política dentro das instituições
same|time|in|that|there is|an|effort|from|a|wing|of the|elite|political|within|of the|institutions
same time that there is an effort from a faction of the political elite within the institutions
políticas para fazer o processo andar.
political|to|to make|the|process|to move
to make the process move forward.
E uma figura central nesse processo foi o engenheiro André Rebouças, o filho mais
and|a|figure|central|in this|process|was|the|engineer|André|Rebouças|the|son|most
And a central figure in this process was the engineer André Rebouças, the most famous son
famoso do Antônio Pereira Rebouças.
famous|of the|Antônio|Pereira|Rebouças
of Antônio Pereira Rebouças.
É uma figura muito interessante porque ele pode dar um nó na cabeça das pessoas.
it is|a|figure|very|interesting|because|he|can|give|a|knot|in the|head|of the|people
He is a very interesting figure because he can tie people's minds in knots.
O Rebouças não é simples.
the|Rebouças|not|is|simple
Rebouças is not simple.
Ele é negro, ele é de uma família obviamente negra, mas o pai dele prestou serviços ao
he|is|black|he|is|from|a|family|obviously|black|but|the|father|his|he served|services|to the
He is black, he comes from an obviously black family, but his father served the
império durante o processo de consolidação do segundo reinado.
empire|during|the|process|of|consolidation|of the|second|reign
empire during the process of consolidating the second reign.
E o André Rebouças, o filho?
and|the|André|Rebouças|the|son
And André Rebouças, the son?
Ele tem um projeto de abolir a escravidão que é vinculado com um projeto de modernização
he|has|a|project|to|abolish|the|slavery|that|is|linked|with|a|project|of|modernization
He has a project to abolish slavery that is linked to a modernization project.
do país, porque ele é um engenheiro.
of the|country|because|he|is|a|engineer
of the country, because he is an engineer.
Mas na casa dele tem escravos.
but|in the|house|his|has|slaves
But in his house, there are slaves.
Sim, na casa do André Rebouças, o intelectual negro, um dos principais nomes do nosso abolicionismo,
yes|in the|house|of the|André|Rebouças|the|intellectual|black|one|of the|main|names|of the|our|abolitionism
Yes, in the house of André Rebouças, the black intellectual, one of the main figures of our abolitionism,
a casa dele tinha escravizados.
the|house|his|had|enslaved people
his house had enslaved people.
Logo que ele decide entrar na campanha, ele liberta outros abolicionistas importantes,
as soon as|that|he|decides|to enter|in the|campaign|he|frees|other|abolitionists|important
As soon as he decides to enter the campaign, he frees other important abolitionists,
como Joaquim Serra, o Rui Barbosa, só libertam seus escravos bem mais pra frente na campanha.
like|Joaquim|Serra|the|Rui|Barbosa|only|free|their|slaves|far|more|for|front|in the|campaign
like Joaquim Serra, Rui Barbosa, who only free their slaves much later in the campaign.
Então também não era visto como uma contradição você defender ideias abolicionistas e você
so|also|not|was|seen|as|a|contradiction|you|to defend|ideas|abolitionist|and|you
So it was also not seen as a contradiction to defend abolitionist ideas and you
ainda possuir escravos.
still own slaves.
Então esses fenômenos são todos sempre muito mais complexos do que o bem contra o
so|these|phenomena|are|all|always|much|more|complex|than|that|the|good|against|the
So these phenomena are always much more complex than good against evil.
mal também.
evil|also
And we have already talked about that.
E a gente já falou sobre isso.
and|the|we|already|talked|about|this
Brazil was a slave society.
O Brasil era uma sociedade escravista.
the|Brazil|was|a|society|slaveholding
Tudo girava em torno disso.
everything|revolved|in|around|this
Everything revolved around this.
Pra ter dinheiro, pra ter poder, pra ter liberdade política, as pessoas tinham escravizados.
|to have|money||to have|power||to have|freedom|political|the|people|had|enslaved
To have money, to have power, to have political freedom, people were enslaved.
O que não quer dizer que precisava ser assim pra sempre.
the|that|not|wants|to mean|that|needed|to be|this||always
Which does not mean it had to be this way forever.
O Rebouças tomou consciência disso.
the|Rebouças|took|awareness|of this
Rebouças became aware of this.
O que vai fazer a cabeça do Rebouças girar é o momento em que ele entende que ele é
the|that|will|make|the|head|of the|Rebouças|turn|is|the|moment|in|that|he|understands|that|he|is
What will make Rebouças' head spin is the moment he understands that he is
negro.
black
black.
E isso só vai acontecer mais tarde, já nos anos 70, quando ele vai pros Estados Unidos.
and|this|only|will|happen|more|later|already|in the|years|when|he|will|to the|States|United
And this will only happen later, in the 70s, when he goes to the United States.
Ele não pode se hospedar em nenhum hotel de elite, ele não pode assistir a ópera.
he|not|can|himself|stay|in|any|hotel|of|elite|he|not|can|watch|to|opera
He cannot stay in any elite hotel, he cannot attend the opera.
E daí ele percebe que lá não adianta ele ser um homem culto, ter boas conexões sociais,
and|then|he|realizes|that|there|not|it helps|he|to be|a|man|cultured|to have|good|connections|social
And then he realizes that there it doesn't matter if he is a cultured man, has good social connections,
etc.
etc
etc.
Que ele inclusive tem, mas que ele vai ser tratado sempre a partir da cor da pele.
that|he|even|has|but|that|he|will|to be|treated|always|from|based|on the|color|of|skin
That he even has them, but that he will always be treated based on the color of his skin.
E aí é que ele realmente se transforma num abolicionista, não só de mente, mas de coração.
and|then|is|that|he|really|himself|transforms|into a|abolitionist|not|only|of|mind|but|of|heart
And that is when he truly transforms into an abolitionist, not just in mind, but in heart.
E aí é o momento em que ele vai fazer alianças com José do Patrocínio, com Vicente de Souza,
and|there|is|the|moment|in|that|he|is going to|make|alliances|with|José|of|Patrocínio|with|Vicente|of|Souza
And then is the moment when he will make alliances with José do Patrocínio, with Vicente de Souza,
dois grandes abolicionistas, dois grandes abolicionistas negros,
two|great|abolitionists|two|great|abolitionists|black
two great abolitionists, two great black abolitionists,
o José do Patrocínio e o Vicente de Souza.
the|José|of|Patrocínio|and|the|Vicente|of|Souza
José do Patrocínio and Vicente de Souza.
A esposa do Vicente também foi bem importante, a Cacilda Francione de Souza.
the|wife|of|Vicente|also|was|quite|important|the|Cacilda|Francione|of|Souza
Vicente's wife was also very important, Cacilda Francione de Souza.
Ela é considerada a primeira mulher a participar abertamente das conferências abolicionistas,
she|is|considered|the|first|woman|to|participate|openly|of the|conferences|abolitionist
She is considered the first woman to openly participate in the abolitionist conferences,
que eram eventos com participação popular que aconteciam por todo o país.
that|were|events|with|participation|popular|that|took place|throughout|all|the|country
which were popular events that took place throughout the country.
Um outro abolicionista negro de destaque era o Ferreira de Menezes.
a|other|abolitionist|black|of|prominence|was|the|Ferreira|of|Menezes
Another prominent black abolitionist was Ferreira de Menezes.
E é óbvio que também tinham pessoas brancas entre os abolicionistas.
and|is|obvious|that|also|there were|people|white|among|the|abolitionists
And it is obvious that there were also white people among the abolitionists.
Um nome bem importante, por exemplo, é o do Joaquim Nabuco.
a|name|very|important|for|example|is|the|of the|Joaquim|Nabuco
A very important name, for example, is Joaquim Nabuco.
Mas espera que tem um outro protagonista desse movimento que ainda não apareceu aqui.
but|wait|that|there is|another|other|protagonist|of this|movement|that|still|not|has appeared|here
But wait, there is another protagonist of this movement that hasn't appeared here yet.
O Luiz Gama é negro como reboso, mas eles são absolutamente diferentes.
the|Luiz|Gama|is|black|as|reboso|but|they|are|absolutely|different
Luiz Gama is black as a crow, but they are absolutely different.
Porque o Luiz Gama é o único abolicionista que a gente tem, assim, uma narrativa formal
because|the|Luiz|Gama|is|the|only|abolitionist|that|the|we|have|like this|a|narrative|formal
Because Luiz Gama is the only abolitionist for whom we have, like, a formal narrative.
que é alguém que tenha passado por um processo de escravização.
that|is|someone|that|has|gone|through|a|process|of|enslavement
who is someone who has gone through a process of enslavement.
Ele não tem acesso à corte do imperador.
he|not|has|access|to the|court|of the|emperor
He does not have access to the emperor's court.
Então, ele é um homem que vai se vincular à oposição política do império.
so|he|is|a|man|that|is going to|himself|link|to the|opposition|political|of the|empire
So, he is a man who will be linked to the political opposition of the empire.
Não existe ninguém com uma história tão triste.
not|exists|no one|with|a|story|so|sad
There is no one with such a sad story.
ai_request(all=172 err=0.00%) translation(all=344 err=0.58%) cwt(all=3666 err=4.80%)
en:B7ebVoGS:250502
openai.2025-02-07
PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=5.16 PAR_CWT:B7ebVoGS=9.92